Jet A-1 is a kerosene-type aviation turbine fuel for civil and military gas turbine engines. It is supplied in accordance with DEF STAN 91-091 and ASTM D1655, harmonised under the Aviation Fuel Quality Requirements for Jointly Operated Systems (AFQRJOS) checklist, and is subject to the refinery's Certificate of Quality and independent inspection at the agreed loading point.
The -47°C maximum freezing point and the JFTOT thermal stability requirement make the product suitable for long-haul operations at cruise altitude, while the controlled conductivity range limits the accumulation of static charge during high-rate fuelling.
Product Name: Aviation Turbine Fuel, kerosene type
Grade: Jet A-1
Standards: DEF STAN 91-091 / ASTM D1655 / AFQRJOS
HS Code: 2710.19.21
UN Number: UN 1863, Class 3, PG III
Appearance: Clear, bright, free of solid matter and undissolved water (Visual)
Colour (Saybolt): Report (ASTM D156 / D6045)
Particulate Contamination (at manufacture): Max. 1.0 mg/l (ASTM D5452)
| Parameter | Unit | Specification | Test Method |
| Composition | |||
| Total Acidity | mg KOH/g | Max. 0.015 | ASTM D3242 |
| Aromatics (or total aromatics, max. 26.5) | % v/v | Max. 25.0 | ASTM D1319 / D6379 |
| Total Sulfur | % m/m | Max. 0.30 | ASTM D4294 / D2622 |
| Mercaptan Sulfur | % m/m | Max. 0.0030 (or Doctor test negative) | ASTM D3227 / D4952 |
| Volatility | |||
| Distillation 10% v/v Recovered | °C | Max. 205 | ASTM D86 |
| Distillation Final Boiling Point | °C | Max. 300 | ASTM D86 |
| Distillation Residue / Loss | % v/v | Max. 1.5 / Max. 1.5 | ASTM D86 |
| Flash Point | °C | Min. 38 | ASTM D56 / IP 170 |
| Density @ 15°C | kg/m³ | 775–840 | ASTM D1298 / D4052 |
| Fluidity | |||
| Freezing Point | °C | Max. -47 | ASTM D2386 / D5972 |
| Kinematic Viscosity @ -20°C | mm²/s | Max. 8.0 | ASTM D445 |
| Combustion | |||
| Specific Energy, Net | MJ/kg | Min. 42.80 | ASTM D3338 / D4529 |
| Smoke Point | mm | Min. 25.0 (or min. 18.0 with naphthalenes max. 3.0 % v/v) | ASTM D1322 / D1840 |
| Corrosion | |||
| Copper Strip Corrosion (2 h @ 100°C) | Rating | Max. Class 1 | ASTM D130 |
| Stability and Contaminants | |||
| Thermal Stability (JFTOT, 260°C) Pressure Differential | mmHg | Max. 25 | ASTM D3241 |
| Thermal Stability Tube Deposit Rating | - | Less than 3, no peacock or abnormal deposit | ASTM D3241 |
| Existent Gum | mg/100 ml | Max. 7 | ASTM D381 |
| Water Reaction Interface Rating | - | Max. 1b | ASTM D1094 |
| Water Separation (MSEP) | - | Min. 85 without SDA / Min. 70 with SDA | ASTM D3948 |
| Conductivity and Lubricity | |||
| Electrical Conductivity (at point of delivery) | pS/m | 50–600 | ASTM D2624 |
| Lubricity BOCLE Wear Scar Diameter | mm | Max. 0.85 (when required) | ASTM D5001 |
| Additive | Status | Maximum Concentration |
| Antioxidant | Mandatory in hydroprocessed fuel | Max. 24.0 mg/l |
| Metal Deactivator | Optional | Max. 5.7 mg/l (initial doping) |
| Static Dissipator Additive (Stadis 450) | To meet conductivity limits | Max. 3.0 mg/l (initial doping) |
| Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (DIEGME) | Optional, by agreement | 0.10–0.15% v/v |
| Corrosion Inhibitor / Lubricity Improver | Optional, approved products only | Per qualified concentration |
| Leak Detection Additive | Optional, by agreement | Max. 1 mg/kg |
Applications: Commercial and cargo aviation, business and general aviation turbine aircraft, military operations, helicopter fleets, and ground turbine test facilities.
Quality Assurance: Every parcel is covered by a refinery Certificate of Quality and a batch Certificate of Analysis issued against the test methods listed above. A Recertification Test is performed after transport where required.
Inspection: Quality and quantity are verified at the agreed loading point by an independent inspector (SGS, Intertek, Saybolt, or Bureau Veritas). Quantities are corrected to 15°C per ASTM D1250 / API MPMS tables.
Supply Chain Integrity: Maintained in accordance with JIG (Joint Inspection Group) and EI/JIG 1530 standards, including dedicated tankage, filtration, settling time, and water checks before release into aircraft.
Handling & Storage: Classified as UN 1863, Class 3, Packing Group III. Store in dedicated, earthed, and epoxy-lined tanks. Bond and earth all equipment before transfer and observe fuelling flow-rate limits to control static generation.
Safety Data: A full Safety Data Sheet compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) is supplied with every cargo.
